![]() Fetal states were classified based on HRV and movement detection. In this study, 55 magnetocardiograms from healthy fetuses of 24–41 weeks’ GA were recorded for up to 45 min using a fetal biomagnetometer. HRV parameters were calculated including the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal R–R interval (SDNN), the mean square of successive differences of the R–R intervals (RMSSD, SDNN/RMSSD ratio, and permutation entropy (PE) to gain information about the developing influence of the ANS within each fetal state. This study combined the criteria of fetal movement with the HRV analysis to complete the criteria for fetal state detection. Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) detects fetal heart activity at high temporal resolution, enabling the calculation of HRV parameters. ![]() The increasing synchronization of fetal movement and HRV reflects the development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control. Prior to 32 weeks, only periods of fetal activity and quiesence can be distinguished. At 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) the distinction of four fetal behavioral states represented by combinations of quiet or active sleep or awakeness is possible. 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germanyįetal behavioral states are defined by fetal movement and heart rate variability (HRV).2fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.1University Women’s Hospital and Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.Brucker 1,3† Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt 1,2,3*† Johanna Brändle 1,2,3 Hubert Preissl 2 Rossitza Draganova 2 Erick Ortiz 2 Karl O.
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